Mohale Dam, Lesotho

The Mohale Dam project in Lesotho is one of the most impressive hydraulic engineering works in Southern Africa, and an integral part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). Constructed between 1998 and 2003 and assigned by the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA) consortium, in collaboration with international engineering firms.

The Mohale Dam infrastructure was designed to harness Lesotho's abundant water resources to supply potable water to South Africa and generate hydroelectric power. The dam stands 145 meters high and has a capacity of approximately 947 million cubic meters of water. The reservoir is located in the Senqu River basin, and the dam is constructed from gravity concrete with an overflow spillway for flood control.

The construction process involved advanced engineering techniques to ensure structural stability and sustainable water resource management. Local materials and modern techniques were used to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Additionally, the construction required the creation of diversion tunnels and channels for water transport, including underground tunnels to transfer water from Mohale Dam to Katse Dam, part of the LHWP water transfer system.

The dam serves a dual purpose: it provides drinking water to Gauteng, the most populous and industrialized region of South Africa, and generates hydroelectric power for Lesotho, contributing to the country's economic development. This project is a significant example of international cooperation and sustainable natural resource development, promoting economic growth and water security in the region.